These products must be connected to a compatible inverter or a charge controller, which prevents overcharging. Other battery products include the battery and supporting components such as safety switches, cooling devices and battery management system (BMS) only, but don’t include an inverter. Storage units may be modular so that multiple units can be used to make up the required capacity, and some are designed to have extra battery modules slotted into the case to increase capacity. Installation is usually quick as much of the wiring between components has been done, and it often makes for a neater system as many components and their associated wiring are enclosed in a single cabinet. The battery can be located far from the solar inverter, for example in a cool location to maximise battery lifespan. Such a system makes for an easy battery installation or retrofit to an existing solar PV system. The product is connected to your existing house switchboard, separately from the solar panels and solar inverter. These products include an inverter in the same box as the battery. Most battery systems these days combine the batteries and other components in a pre-configured ‘storage in a box’ module for connection to a solar PV system. Other chemistries are in various stages of development and commercialisation and could become available in the coming years. The range of flow battery options are currently very limited for the residential market. Their main advantages are safety, ease of maintenance and the ability to store the charge for long periods. The other main chemistry is ‘flow’ batteries, which use liquids to store energy. These batteries are mostly used in off-grid solar systems although they can be used in grid connected solar battery systems. Until recently the most common chemistry used for home batteries was the ‘flooded’ lead-acid battery, however in recent years they have been replaced with safer sealed lead acid (SLA) batteries, where the batteries are effectively sealed and the liquid acid electrolyte is immobilised. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are a little larger but are considered safer. NMC batteries have high energy densities but can overheat if discharged too quickly. The two main varieties currently being sold are lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP or LiFePO4). Not all lithium-ion batteries are the same. They can be efficiently charged and have comparatively long lifespans. These batteries are compact and light relative to their capacity. Lithium-ion batteriesīattery ownership has become a possibility for more households due to the steady decrease in cost of lithium based battery chemistries in recent years. Currently the list includes only lithium-ion battery types. Households must install a battery from the Solar Victoria products list to qualify for a solar battery loan.
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